John F. Kennedy – the Space Exploration

James Moyer Mr. Sims U. S History Period 3 16 May 2012 John F. Kennedy †The Space Exploration I. Presentation A. Foundation Information All respect and regard exists in John F. Kennedy; his celebrated discourse â€Å"We decide to go to the Moon†, was the motivation behind why Space Exploration arrived at its top on July 21st in the year 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the solitary individuals, the sole Americans to step on the moon.It took eight-years, a month, and two days to finish what President Kennedy envisioned for our nation, our kin. Without his activities, his celebrated words, his sincere, prosperous talks, we may have not practiced the unthinkable, which we battle to accomplish, and drag out for it to happen once more; to go to the moon. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was conceived on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the subsequent resulting from nine kin into a multi-tycoon family whose father is Joseph P.Kennedy. He was an informed man not just this; he was a war saint during World War II. At the point when he would come back to human advancement, he would go into the papers business, and be an effective essayist; he would decide to be politically dynamic simply like his dad and Mr. Kennedy would later turn into a contender for the House of Representatives. From here on was the start and heritage of the renowned John F. Kennedy. 1. The Dream How did one man make such a major difference?Look at the Presidents before Kennedy, the main President, George Washington, it was a direct result of his activities and attitude that we out witted the British and turned into the autonomous nation; President Lincoln who carried bondage to end, who brought the Confederacy and the States together; President Teddy Roosevelt who started the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which would demonstrate useful to the economy and its kin. Presently there are an ew other fine Presidents, for example, these recorded not many, yet Kennedy is the sole President to arrive at the inconceivable, to do the outlandish, to try and consider the unimaginable, have America stroll on the moon. All because of his will to reach a long ways past the sky and enter space itself to run over and stroll upon the moon. B. Why it Matters NASA, (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is answerable for the Space Program and Kennedy was the one liable for Space Exploration. Apollo 11 was the kept an eye on spaceship which arrived on the moon, to accomplish what Mr.Kennedy needed to see and experience himself; to see his fantasies materialize. Sadly his inconvenient demise singled-handedly stunned the individuals; his death would start the will for Space Exploration to achieve his fantasy about arriving on the moon. II. Body Paragraphs a. How It All Began John Fitzgerald Kennedy, conceived May 29, 1917, at 83 Beals Street in the working class suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts, was the second of nine kids (Baughman et. Al ). The Kennedy bundle wound up moving to Bronxville, only outside of New York City.They would live here for Kennedy’s tutoring during the time until 1941 where they would disassemble and look for another home. Kennedy had a mystery sickness which was hazardous: ceaseless stomach issue, back issues, visit and extreme unfavorably susceptible responses, and the undiscovered, until 1947, impacts of Addison's ailment. â€Å"Addison’s sickness is a disappointment of the adrenal organs, which sapped his vitality, debilitated his insusceptible framework, and left him helpless against contaminations and hazardously high fevers† (Baughman et. Al). Kennedy’s father wouldn’t let his wellbeing influence the exposure so he concealed it with Kennedy’s â€Å"war wounds. 1. His Career In 1941, rather than proceeding with his works, John F. Kennedy followed his sibling Joseph Jr. into fight close by the U. S Navy during World War II. Kennedy was alloted to o bligations of Naval Intelligence in Washington. On August second, 1943, the PT-109, a vessel under his order, was slammed and suck by a Japanese destroyer, Amagiri. In spite of the fact that his seamanship and orders were sketchy at that point, he was as yet a valiant man; he demonstrated this by sparing his harmed team or having the option to support them behind adversary lines to sit tight for rescue.Awarded a couple of awards, for example, the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the Purple Heart, likewise being viewed as a legend according to New York Times, he would later be released for clinical thinking and discarded into legislative issues directly by his dad, because of his oldest children demise, Joseph Jr. presently having the option to satisfy his father’s dream; to turn into the main Irish-Catholic President of the United States. 2. Political Life In 1946 John Kennedy won political race to the U. S. Congress from Massachusetts' eleventh District, speaking to parts of Boston and Cambridge.His father spent extreme totals on the crusade and included the whole Kennedy family with the exception of his sister Rosemary who was ‘retarded’. In 1952, at his dad's asking, Kennedy tested Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for the U. S. Senate from Massachusetts. Most spectators gave Kennedy minimal possibility. The 1952 crusade highlighted modern, frequently extraordinary techniques for arriving at the voters. Among the first to utilize TV for publicizing and raising support, Kennedy took a crack at an extraordinary CBS-TV course to elevate on the most proficient method to utilize TV effectively.His normally ready and over the top way fitted the new scene restrictively. â€Å"Highlighting the crusade were the appearances of the up-and-comer's mom and sisters at several greeting just get-togethers where the Kennedy ladies served tea and enchanted an expected 70,000 ladies voters. A record turnout gave Kennedy a thin 76,000 vote edge over Lodge† (Baugh man et. Al). Kennedy pulled in huge help from Boston, Irish-Catholics, Jews, trade guild individuals, and a few Republicans who thought Kennedy was more moderate than Lodge. 3. JFK, How he Became President Mr.Kennedy put forth a valiant effort to become and convince individuals for him to become Vice-President, as that demonstrated without any result, he went towards a more straightforward methodology, turning out to be President himself. So as to get votes and win the selection of running for his gathering, he needed to convince some unshakable donkeys that Catholics can win casts a ballot too. In doing as such, he set off a crusade which would be an unpleasant one for him without a doubt, for he was coordinated against Nixon. Without his broadcast communicate of him against Nixon, he would have likely lost the appointment of turning out to be President for the argins between the two men were marginally separated. b. Presenting John F. Kennedy with the Space Program The Space Progr am would be presented in 1946, not as NASA however its precursor NACA. While they have been setting themselves up for space, they developed with planes and optimal design. At the point when Sputnik 1 was propelled by the U. S. S. R a strike of dread and absence of information ate up the United States particularly the administration. So as to fight back, they committed their investigations and upgraded science and math subjects so as to make up for themselves from this feat.On July 28, 1958, President Eisenhower marked the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which built up NASA from that point. NASA didn't just advance from its predecessor, yet it consumed everything from it. NASA dominated and began its own missions on October first of that year. At the point when President Kennedy beat Eisenhower’s renowned Nixon, he gave a valiant effort to demonstrate he was deserving of being U. S. A’s President. He worked with household and outside issues before heading into the S pace Race. He knew the individuals of the United States expected to have a similar certainty they once had before Sputnik 1 was launched.In request for this to happen, he went to Houston, Texas on September 12, 1962 to address the country, that the Space Race must proceed yet needs the assistance of the legislature to help pay for the program (Logsdon). Before reporting this, on February 20, 1962 John Glenn was the primary man to be propelled and circle around the Earth’s climate. This is the thing that started the expectation of the Space Exploration to proceed. With President Kennedy’s intensity of words and the expectation NASA has imparted into the people’s hearts, it appeared anything was possible.Even through Kennedy’s death, the Space Program proceeded with its attempts to achieve Kennedy’s fantasy about arriving on the moon. 4. Kennedy’s Assassination and the Moon It was 12:30 Friday evening, on November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Te xas when four shots were heard over the globe. Kennedy was lethally shot and kicked the bucket that day, he was killed and in spite of the fact that it might have said Lee Harvey Oswald was liable for Kennedy’s passing, it is as yet a scheme on whether he did it and on the off chance that he did if there were others involved.This case is as yet a disentangled puzzle which hasn’t been settled from that point forward. Kennedy’s demise stunned the globe yet that didn’t prevent NASA from arriving at the moon. His passing may have been extremely sorrowful, however NASA was committed into completing this last venture Kennedy sent them out to do and that was to arrive at the moon. A few years after the fact on July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 space travelers Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Buzz Aldrin achieved the astounding accomplishment of being the sole men to arrive on the moon. III. ConclusionJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was a striking man equipped for arrivin g at the unthinkable. Perhaps the most youthful president ever, and had the psyche of the savvies. Without his authority and dedication of achieving the race to the moon, we wouldn’t have had a similar sparkle of expectation as we do today. His activities have driven us to another age, one that will everlastingly be recollected. Despite the fact that the Space Race has driven us far, we haven’t had the opportunity and cash to return to the Moon. Mr. Kennedy is the desire for all fantasies. He is the moon and will everlastingly be strolling on it, while he sits tight for our return.Work

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All through this course, you will utilize basic intuition to break down the development of new Ideas In science and brain science. Follow these tips to hone your basic reasoning aptitudes: The Critical Thinking Community. Task In this task, you will concentrate on the discussion between the characters and naturalistic situations in logical history, and how the idea of zeitgeist identifies with every one of these concepts.You will apply these ideas to the philosophical perspectives cap straightforwardly went before the rise of current brain research. Set up a paper in which you characterize the characters and naturalistic situations in logical history, and how the idea of zeitgeist identifies with these positions. At that point, pick one of the accompanying logicians to concentrate on Descartes, Comet, Berkeley, Home, Hartley, James Mill, or John Stuart Mill and clarify why you think the development of his Ideas Is best portrayed by the character or naturalistic position.To help you f urther in placing this in context, consider the accompanying statement from brain science history specialist Edwin Boring: â€Å"You get the characters see when you disregard the forerunners of the extraordinary man, and you recover the naturalistic view again when you asked what made the incredible man great† (Boring, 1950, p. 339). Reference Boring, E. G. (1950). Incredible men and phenomenally progress. Procedures of the American Philosophical society, 94, 339-351. Remember for your accommodation an example of the matrix (see Heads up on the SignatureAssignment) or other note-taking device that you intend to use as you break down key thoughts throughout the entire existence of brain science all through this course. Bolster your paper with in any event one insightful reference. Your first stop in searching for extra references ought to be the library manage created for you for use In this course. Length: 5-7 pages, not Including title and reference pages. Introduced in the course and give new contemplations and experiences relating legitimately to this subject. Your reaction ought to reflect insightful composition and current PAP standards.Be sure to stick to Northwestern University's Academic Integrity Policy. All through this course, and different courses here at Northwestern University, you are required to follow PAP structure and style while getting ready assignments. In the event that you are new to PAP structure and style, take this instructional exercise: The Basics of PAP Style. It is safe to say that you are now acquainted with PAP structure and style? Stay aware of the 2010 changes by taking this instructional exercise: What's New in the Sixth Edition. Transfer your task utilizing the Upload Assignment button underneath.

What Can Entrepreneurs Learn from Athletes

What Can Entrepreneurs Learn from Athletes It’s a common practice in business circles â€" using sports analogies to explain and describe office procedures. Managers are referred to as ‘Coaches’; committees are ‘teams’ and staff meetings are ‘huddles’. Is there more to this behavior than just a catchy tagline? Are there lessons entrepreneurs can take from athletes that will enhance their business?What if there were valuable lessons that could be found on the sidelines of your favorite sport? What if, instead of simply watching a game, you were picking up tricks and tools that could help you grow your business? What if the Monday morning water cooler conversation about Sunday’s game was important â€" because it could provide insight into successful business practices?This article will explore some of the lessons that entrepreneurs can take away from their favorite sport athletes which help them to stay at the top of their game. © Shutterstock.com | GlebStockWe’ll look at 1) how to focus on  skills, 2) their drive for success, 3) sacrifice now for reward later,  4) attention to details, 5) celebrate accomplishments, 6) failure isnt fatal, 7) victory has class, and 8) winners on and off the field.By exploring how successful athletes compete (and win), entrepreneurs can improve their own business practices, encourage their employees and put a mark in the win column.HOW TO FOCUS ON SKILLSVery few athletes perform at the top of their game in more than one sport. While a few players have made an attempt (remember when Michael Jordan tried to play baseball?), generally speaking athletes excel in one sport. The athlete who is talented on the soccer field, for example, will not excel on the basketball court. The skill set is different, the training is different, and the athlete will focus their attention on the sport that they can excel in.The athlete who is determined to be a success will evaluate their performa nce, and focus on the skills that set them apart from the other athletes. Many players have a ‘signature move’ â€" the one move that they have perfected and can execute with success in game play. Those signature moves did not happen overnight â€" they are the result of years of repeated drills and practice. By focusing on the skills they excel in, the athlete can bring their best to the game.Entrepreneurs have specific skillsets that they excel in as well. Honing those skills through practice and training is essential to success. The entrepreneur who is a master at making presentations should leave the daily office paperwork to someone else. The personable, likeable entrepreneur should handle staffing, while leaving the marketing plan to others. Each entrepreneur must discover the skills that they have, and then work to use them as an asset within the company. Similarly, the entrepreneur must realize that they cannot do everything and be willing to allow others who have differen t skills to handle tasks they are more suited for.Jordans Mental Preparation DRIVE FOR SUCCESSThe 1968 Olympic track finals provided one of the most memorable moments in running history. John Akhwari, Tanzanian marathon runner, was hurt during his race, dislocating his knee and damaging his shoulder. He persevered, however, and continued to run. Fifty-six runners completed the course, the medal ceremony had been completed, when journalists realized there was another contestant headed towards the finish line. Over an hour after the winner finished the course, Akhwari stumbled across the line. When asked later why he continued to run, even though he knew he would not win, Akhwari replied, “My country did not send me 5,000 miles to start the race; they sent me 5,000 miles to finish the race.”Akhwari had invested in his sport for the duration. Regardless of the circumstances surrounding his event, he was determined to finish what he started. Anyone who wishes to be an athlete at the top of their game must invest for the long haul.Entrepreneurs who are not prepared to invest their life into making their business a success have little chance of succeeding.Watching athletes warm up for their games can be entertaining on several levels. One of the most interesting moments to watch is when a player closes their eyes and goes through the motions of their activity. The diver repeatedly lifts on their toes; the skier bobs and weaves in place, the punter kicks high in the air. The athlete isn’t delusional, they are visualizing the game. Envisioning the activity is a tool that helps athletes prepare to perform, and helps develop memory related responses so that their body automatically moves the way it should. Oftentimes, the athlete envisions themselves winning the game, holding the trophy or in the victor’s circle. They have a goal: to win. To achieve their goal, they train with the intent to win. An athlete doesn’t spend hours training to come in second place â €" they play to win, so they train to win. Even in situations where they will not win, they are looking for improvement: a faster time, a higher jump, a better score.Entrepreneurs must remember that to win, they must prepare for it. Envisioning success â€" using positive thinking â€" is an excellent method of getting ready to win. Establishing habits and processes to facilitate a win is essential. Perhaps more important than any other element, however, is the understanding that there can only be one winner. The entrepreneur must be prepared to play to win.The Mental Toughness Secret of Olympic Athletes SACRIFICE NOW FOR REWARD LATERIf there was one word to sum up an athlete’s life, it would be sacrifice. Perhaps more than any other characteristic, an athlete understands the importance of sacrificing today for the reward down the road. The idea of sacrifice can be seen in the daily life of an athlete who spends vacation time training instead of heading to the beach, the one who for goes their favorite ice cream dessert because they are days away from a competition, the one who spends holidays with their team at a game, instead of their family.The entrepreneur who wishes to be successful must learn to embrace the art of sacrifice. It means working late (and coming in early) so that the presentation can be completed on time. It may mean giving up the new car/house/vacation because every last penny has been invested in the company. The means of sacrifice may be different for every entrepreneur, but the reality is that there will be sacrifice. It is part of the price one pays to engage at this level. If the entrepreneur is not willing to sacrifice, they are probably in the wrong business.Along with the daily sacrifices that athletes make simply to be able to compete, there are sacrifices within sports that the athlete must be willing to be part of. In baseball, this sacrifice is seen in a bunt. By bunting, the batter advances the runner into scoring position, give s the team the chance to earn runs. On the hockey rink, the sacrifice can be seen when the puck is passed from the top-scorer to another player who has a better shot at the net. These sacrifices are game-changers. They have the potential to completely change the direction of a game, and are essential for any team that wants to win.As an entrepreneur, this form of sacrifice can be demonstrated as well. Sharing the credit with others who have helped accomplish a goal, giving the spotlight to team members; finding ways that everyone can share in success is a form of sacrifice that the successful entrepreneur will master. Sacrificing at the office is a game-changer, as well. The entrepreneur who sacrifices for the benefit of the team understands that in the long run, if the team wins, everyone wins.Sports Metaphors and Entrepreneurship with David Gardner ATTENTION TO DETAILA well trained athlete can be obsessive about details. Often, they can relate exactly how many calories they’ve e aten in a day, how many minutes they worked out, how far they ran and what their best time was. Athletes are extremely detail-oriented people.The athlete who is serious about their sport understands that fitness is essential to performance. These athletes are the ones who faithfully run their daily five miles â€" even in the rain. They get up early to go to the gym and work out on weekends. Not only do these athletes own every imaginable type of workout equipment, they actually use them.Maintaining a high level of fitness will keep the athlete in shape, but training is what allows the player to succeed in their sport. The training schedule for serious athletes is rigorous. Drills and skills are repeated over and over, until they become second nature. They study play books, learn signs, memorize courses and watch training videos repeatedly. As part of their training, the athlete studies the competition; memorizing methods and techniques and then prepares a defense based on their styl e. Training is intense, hard work that happens every day during the sports season.In addition to their fitness and training, athletes are fastidious about nutrition. The competitive-level athlete by-passes sodas for water, says no to an extra helping of dinner and generally skips dessert. They are conscientious about quantity and quality â€" every calorie counts and the athlete monitors calories carefully.Athletes pay such close attention to these details because they understand that the little details are what can make or break their sports career. Entrepreneurs must pay close attention to details as well if they are to be successful. To begin with, the entrepreneur must pay attention to their personal fitness level. Maintaining a regular exercise plan will help one feel better, as well as help ensure that they stay healthy.Similarly, the fitness of the company must be evaluated. Is the company in a position to endure for the long-haul? Are the positions within the company filled b y employees who are best suited for the job? Is the company well-rounded and able to handle the demands of daily business?The entrepreneur certainly should be cautious about their personal nutrition, but equally as important is the nutrition of the company. Are they being given the tools they need to succeed? Does the company offer opportunities to advance and grow in business knowledge?CELEBRATE ACCOMPLISHMENTSWhen a baseball player hits a homerun, by the time he crosses home plate his entire team is standing on the field to cheer him home. They give hi-fives, hug and jump up and down in a demonstrative celebration of one player’s success. That scene is repeated at football games, basketball games, soccer matches, and a variety of other team sports. It can be seen in the golfer who raises a club overhead after sinking a difficult shot, the tennis player who returns a serve for a point and the gymnast who runs off the mat to hug teammates. The message from these athletes is clear: celebrate success.While not all employees would appreciate being carried around the office on the shoulders of the staff, there is an essential need to celebrate a job well-done. Find ways to cheer when associates hit a sales target â€" even if it is as simple as an accolades display in the break room. If one salesperson exceeds their goals for the month, celebrate with everyone. Not only will it help to foster a sense of unity, it will generate incentive to others to reach their goals as well.FAILURE ISNT FATALFamed Baseball Hall of Famer Babe Ruth once said, “Never let the fear of striking out get in your way.” He would understand that fear â€" the Home Run King was just as likely to strike out as he was to knock one out of the park: in his career, he hit 714 homeruns and struck out 1,330 times. Part of what made him such as success in the ballpark, however, was his refusal to give up. Despite his inconsistencies at bat, he drew thousands to the stadium because fans knew that he would swing for the fence â€" every time he got up to bat.In the business world, entrepreneurs need to show that same level of tenacity. Not every idea is a success. Sometimes the plan completely falls apart. The entrepreneur who is swinging for the fence, however, will be back at the plate again, ready for their next turn at bat.VICTORY HAS CLASSThe game is over. The scoreboard makes it clear: one team won and another team lost. Confetti is flying around, a giant trophy is being passed, and a news agency is asking the winning team how it feels to be the victor. Generally at that point, the camera pans to the losing team, where players are sitting on the bench in shock and dismay, and depending on the game, someone is shedding a tear or two. A true champion accepts the accolades for winning, and takes the opportunity to acknowledge the competition: “They played a tough game. Almost pulled out a win today. Was nervous we weren’t going to be able to hold onto the lead.” It w ould be easy, at that moment, to bash the losing team by pointing out how much better the winning team played. Instead, the champion quietly pays tribute to the opponent because they understand that without an opponent, there isn’t a victory.In the same way, entrepreneurs can avoid the bashing and demeaning of competitors by realizing that in a marketplace, there needs to be variety. Rather than criticize and belittle competitors, acknowledge that there is a market for everyone and the presence of other similar products makes everyone work harder. Not only will it elevate the entrepreneur and the company, it keeps the attention on the product â€" not the drama that surrounds negativity.WINNERS ON AND OFF THE FIELD Venus Williams © Wikimedia commons | National Institute of HealthVenus Williams: Half of the dynamic duo of the Williams sisters, Venus Williams is a professional tennis star who has consistently ranked in the top five women’s tennis players. When she isn’t dominating the court, Venus is CEO of V-Starr Interiors, an interior design firm. Along with endorsement contracts, Venus owns sports teams, and is a New York Times’ best-selling author.Lincoln Kennedy: The former NFL offensive lineman catapulted his career from a player who provided protection to an insurance salesman who offers protection. In addition to his insurance career, he has also landed a spot as a studio host on the NFL network.Mike Ditka: This NFL tight-end-turned-coach has a reputation for not doing anything half-way. Since leaving the Chicago Bears organization, he has owned restaurants, done broadcasting, been politically active and more. His current activities have him working for ESPN as a broadcaster.Entre preneurs can learn from athletes, and can bring that level of drive and execution into the workplace, transforming business into a real-world example of how to play to win. While the office isn’t the place for cheerleaders and concession stands, the principles that athletes use to compete are relevant within the workplace. The next time Sports Center is on TV, don’t think of it as entertainment â€" think of it as research. Image credit:  Wikimedia commons | National Institute of Health under public domain.

The Representation of Minorities in American Cinema Essay

The Representation of Minorities in American Cinema As the semester progressed and we continued learning how Latinos have been misrepresented through American cinema during the twentieth century, I began to wonder about my own heritage and how Jews were portrayed in films of the same era. I grew up learning about the various stereotypes that have been associated with Jews throughout history, but never have I explored the portrayals of Jews through film history in the United States. My curiosity led me to research Hollywood’s image of the Jew, providing me with a better understanding of the role Jews and Jewish family life have played in American Cinema from the very beginnings of film history. I was able to relate the facts about†¦show more content†¦In the same way that American cinema placed Latinos and Latinas in certain roles in film, it also made specific characters for the Jewish actors. As Ramirez-Berg states, it is difficult to find examples of Hispanic characters in mainstream Hollywood cinema who are complex and self-determining (Ramirez-Berg, 104). Hispanic male characters were limited to such roles as the evil greaser, the villainous bandit, or the suave Latin lover in the films made in the early nineteen hundreds. The Latin Lover character and other Latino character types present the Latino men as weak, unintelligent, and villainous, in contrast to the strong Anglo heroes. The range of roles played by Hispanic female characters in early American cinema was even more constricted than that of the males. The limited character types are mainly a result of their primary function as the Anglo love interest. Film Chicanas, Mexicanas, and other Latinas, then, served mainly as passive sexual goals to be sought by active Anglo heroes and as living proof of Anglo superiority over Latino men (Cortes, 128). 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Environmental Conservation - 2472 Words

A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation In Hotels Research Evaluation By John E. Robinson 27 November 2009 A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation In Hotels The authors of this article identified the efforts towards building the research conducted while attempting to theorize a study involving environmental conservation among hotel patrons and the reuse of towels. The purpose of this essay is to articulate whether the study provided a theoretical framework; relevant variables; a sufficient hypotheses; a research design; an adequate sized sample; properly sanctioned research; consistent means of data collection and data analysis; and a†¦show more content†¦The hypotheses was clearly stated and used to provide the initial theoretical framework. The hypothesis was also stimulated from an earlier study that stated that a larger hotel chain conducted a similar study using different variables with a common purpose. [ (Trochim, 2006) ] Even though the study indicated that there was a previous study conducted, this study did not provide any relevant feedback on the variables used or the specific findings of the earlier study. The earlier study could have provided more insight to differentiate or to provide similarities to justify the purpose of the newer study. The hypotheses was clear but there could have been more detail to support the background the generated the question. The question in its current state over-simplified the question and the purpose for the study. [ (Goldstein, 2008) ] The study provides a basic research design by incorporating the randomized-experiment and/or quasi-experiment. [ (Trochim, 2006) ] The study provided an experiment that identified a causal effect. In the first experiment, the towels were reused more by subjects who read the sign stating, â€Å"JOIN YOUR FELLOW GUESTS IN HELPING TO SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT†. In retrospect, the second experiment that used the sign stating, â₠¬Å"HELP SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT† did notShow MoreRelatedThe Conservation Of The Environmental Movement882 Words   |  4 PagesI decided to take action for the environmental movement because it is a big issue that impacts everyone. At first, my intent was to volunteer for an organization called â€Å"Fresh Roots†, but due to a scheduling conflict, I chose UBC Farm, which is no less essential in its impact in Vancouver’s sustainability. 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AccordingRead MoreThe And Environmental Energy Conservation2578 Words   |  11 Pagesneed to use it† those statements instilled in me an indelible dislike for wastage of any kind and to be considerate of other people’s needs like just my dad. These doctrines helped also helped to forge my interest in recycling and environmental energy conservation especially now as the demand for energy resources is growing at an alarming rate. Chevron PLC stated in an article that the world population currently around 7 billion is projected to grow by 1 billion in the ne xt isus12 years, especiallyRead MoreThe And Environmental Energy Conservation2791 Words   |  12 Pagesneed to use it† those statements instilled in me an indelible dislike for wastage of any kind and to be considerate of other people’s needs like just my dad. 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Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan Free Essays

string(87) " promotion of educational culture in Pakistan, but its main objective is money-making\." Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan By: Sehar Sheikh Outline: Introduction: †¢A problem-free society; desire of every individual †¢Defining social and economic problems †¢Why they are a menace? A. Social Problems †¢Problems at the time of separation grew with the passage of time †¢The current scenario a. Poor law and order situation b. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty c. Illiteracy d. Corruption e. Unemployment f. Child Labour B. Economic Problems †¢Power crises and war on terrorism, root of basic economic problems †¢Loss of MNCs business †¢Tumbling stock market †¢Unprecedented Inflation Declining exports †¢Loss of Foreign Exchange through Tourism Industry †¢Influx of local people from war-ridden areas and their rehabilitation C. Remedies †¢Improved law and order situation †¢Poverty alleviation †¢Stern accountability †¢Building new dams to curb energy crises Conclusion Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan Social Issue/Problem 🙠 Pakistan) Pakistan as a nation is a developing country and consequently she faces a wide array of social problems: educational, economical, political, religious and a number of internal ethnic conflicts.However I believe that it is more important to address small issues first and then work towards the annihilation of the larger ones. After all small steps lead to big changes and transformations. T he most beautiful moment in the life of humans is when someone of their own blood calls them ‘mama’ or ‘papa’. Parents want to provide the newborn with the best of everything. He is pampered, protected and taken care of. The blissful period of childhood soon gets over, and the little human infant grows up to be an adult ready to face the challenges of the world he was born in.He sees around him with a hope of finding the same perfection in everything which his parents had provided him with. In no time, he realizes that the Utopian concept of a perfect world should be confined to the fictional Island created by Thomas More in his widely renowned novel only. That Utopia was far from reality and had nothing to do with the world around us. It’s a world abound with countless problems- social, economic, legal, political, spiritual and the list goes on. Certain social and economic conditions become a menace for the society when they start asserting negative influence on the society.Usually those social needs which persist in a society for long period of time without being fulfilled owing to restrained budgetary scenarios, they turn into socio-economic problems. The major problems of a society are linked with the providence of basic necessities of life to the people making up the society. If the basic needs of man- shelter, food and clothing are not fulfilled, the deprivation of these needs gradually transform into different forms of social menaces. In the context of Pakistan, owing to the fact that it is a developing nation, there is no wonder that it is engulfed with a number of ocial and economical problems. The real issue is not the presence of these problems in society because, as stated earlier, there is no concept of an ideal society in the world. Every country in the world has its own set of socio-economic problems. The main issue is the extent and intensity of the socio-economic problems of Pakistan which have soared to alarming levels. I will discuss some major social and economic problems that are of serious concern for social scientists and political economists. A. Social Problems Pakistan has been facing a lot of social problems since its inception in 1947.In the start there were the problems of lack of funds, rehabilitation of refugees, poor infrastructure and widespread poverty of masses. Quaid-e-Azam tried his best to solve these problems and get the state machinery working but due to his sudden death, he could not eradicate these problems completely. Subsequent governments didn’t pay considerable attention towards solution of various social problems and thus they grew with the passage of time and became social evils. At present the gravest problem that Pakistan is facing is its precarious law and order condition.Terrorism has become a headache for federation and a nightmare for public. Government has been helpless in eradicating terrorism despite beefing up security in metropolitan cities. Public seeks answer to the question that what is their fault for which they are being punished by the terrorists? People have become numerical figures, blown up in numbers every now and then. Terrorists have not spared any place. Bazars, mosques, educational institutes, offices, hotels- you name it and the place is not safe any more. Besides terrorism there are other social problems which are older and more widespread. The biggest of these problems is poverty. 70% population of Pakistan lives in villages. Most of them don’t have access to adequate basic needs of life. They are struggling for bread and butter. A large chunk of population lives below poverty line. They live in miserable conditions. Lack of proper food, clothing and shelter, poor sanitation, unsafe and sometimes contaminated drinking water are just some of their many problems. Poverty itself gives rise to various other social problems. It deprives children of poor people to access education and healthcare. A sense of deprivation manifests itself in form of various crimes.That is why every now and then we read crime stories in newspapers that are characterized by lower orders of society who adopt illegal channels to get the financial prosperity which they can not achieve otherwise. Illiteracy is yet an other problem of Pakistan. The literacy rate lingers on 56% and ironically it also includes those people who can read and write their name in Urdu. Over the decades, despite decreasing, illiteracy rate in Pakistan has shown an upward trend. Not only that but enrollment ratio of students at primary level has shown a decreasing trend.The fact that 50 percent of children do not complete their primary education testifies this fact. Uneducated adults contribute negligibly to the national exchequer. Despite spending millions on it, government has failed to achieve literacy rates comparable to other countries in South Asia. Private sector is doing commendable job for the promotion of educational culture in Pakistan, but its main objective is money-making. You read "Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan" in category "Papers" Schools and colleges are opened as a business prospect and thus many of them lack quality. Corruption is another huge social problem. According to latest report of Transparency International, Pakistan has been ranked at 42nd number among the most corrupt nations of the world. From clerical staff to higher offices and bureaucrats, all are involved in corruption of one kind or the other. Corruption in government departments is so much deep-rooted that a common concept prevails that the system doesn’t let honest people to work peacefully. There is a lack of accountability due to which wealthy people and those in power are sure that they can’t be held responsible for their deeds. So they keep on looting the national treasures and find ways to legalize their black-money.Many corrupt people don’t even bother to do that. Unemployment is also regarded as a major social problem. Major portion of Pakistan’s population consists of youth and a large number of young people who have the ability and are willing to work are unemployed. Currently rate of unemployment as per official resources is 7. 4% but according to some private estimates the arte of unemployment is 12%. There are many reasons of unemployment like influx of machinery that has replaced manpower, lack of new industries and defective education system. But the impacts of unemployment are more serious and dangerous.People who don’t find work here migrate to other countries with better prospects. Also, people tired of making both ends meet due to unemployment indulge in nefarious activities and ratio of crimes increases. Child labour is widespread in Pakistan. Whether in bigger cities or in small villages, we find innocent malnourished children employed in various forms of labour. They are working as welders, mechanics, plumbers, electricians and in industries like carpet-weaving, glass and football making. Meager wages are paid to these children and no facilities for education are provided. Media and NGOs have always condemned child labour.In past, some countries refused to import those goods from Pakistan in whose making children were employed. But despite all these factors, due to growing inflation and poverty, parents are bound to send their children to work to light their stoves. These are just few of the many social problems Pakistan is facing today. Population expansion has been a real issue of concern for all governments. With limited resources it is very difficult to cater to the needs of growing population. There is a great economic disparity among the people. Poor are committing suicides out of hunger while rich are busy amassing more and more wealth.These social problems directly affect the masses. Apart from these there are several economic problems which have broken the backbone of national treasury. B. Economic Problems Economic prosperity serves as a backbone for the overall progress of a nation. One thing is common in all developed nations- they are economically sound. When citizens of a country are freed from the worries of earning a livelihood to sustain their lives, they divert their attention to more useful things. They focus on education, improvise healthcare, develop technologies that make life easy and much more.Poor economic condition is the root cause of so many problems that exist in a society. Unfortunately, Pakistan’s economic conditions are pathetic. As if power crises, lack of foreign investment for the development of industrial zones, backward and out-dated technology were not enough, Pakistan’s indulgence in war on terrorism served as a fatal blow to the already crumbling economic state. Result is that all our important industries that once served as an important contributor to the national GDP have been closed down. Sugar, cement and shoe industry is on its downfall while textile industry is breathing its last.Foreign investors are not ready to setup their businesses in Pakistan. They have their own set of problems which include painful and lengthy procedure of getting licenses and work permits in Pakistan, power crises, terrorism and declining exports. Multinational Companies are reluctant to open their offices and franchises in Pakistan. More than 70 MNCs have already packed up their business from Pakistan. Stock Exchanges also depict a true picture of economic meltdown. Instable political system, dictatorship in its worse form and non-effective democracy badly affect the rates of stocks listed on the three stock exchanges of Pakistan.During this year, many times Karachi Stock Exchange has plunged to its lowest point in the history of Pakistan. Local as well as foreign investors are hesitant of investing large sums of money in stock exchange in fear of incurring unexpected loss. Stock exchanges showed very poor performance throughout 2008. Situation was so precarious that government had to freeze the market during last quarter of 2008. Also, recovery state of stocks is alarming. Earlier when stock market used to plunge, it would recover in few days or weeks. Now share prices take a nose-dive and take considerable time to generate profits.Rate of inflation was never a two-digit figure in Pakistan, but in recent years it has seen an unprecedented increase. Prices of all consumer products in general and food products in particular are rocket high. Core inflation soared to 18. 85% in first quarter of year 2009 until SBP took steps to curb inflation through tight monetary policy. Cost of production increased due to various factors. International increase in oil prices and Pakistan’s internal unfavourable business conditions are two important factors responsible for high rates of inflation.Consumer Price Index (CPI) as well as Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is at all-time high. In contrast, purchasing power of masses is at an all-time low. Northern areas of Pakistan have been a place of great tourist attraction. The beautiful hills, the lush green valleys, shimmering lakes and flowing waterfalls brought many a tourist form all over the world to Pakistan. This contributed to foreign exchange. Tourism Industry was one of the booming industries of Pakistan. Besides attracting foreign exchange, it also provided employment to local people.Also, tourist industry was a source of friendly relations with other countries. Nevertheless, war on terrorism has served as a serious blow to the tourism industry of Pakistan. Local as well as foreign media has projected Pakistan as a dangerous and unsafe country. Its poor law and order situation has alarmed the tourist and thus Northern areas no more receive many tourists. Due to war on terror, local people of war-ridden areas are migrating to other areas of Pakistan. Country has seen the largest migration since independence in 1947. These people have left their homes, businesses, possessions and property back home.This large influx of people and their rehabilitation is an economic burden for Pakistan. Unemployment is already prevalent and now the question of providing employment to these migrants has also become a serious concern. This portion of population is contributing nothing worthwhile to the national income yet they have to be benefited from it. This unproductive lot of people is a growing economic problem of Pakistan. C. Remedies Successive governments have taken steps to solve various socio-economic problems. But these problems are so deep-rooted that they have not been successful in putting an end to these problems.The problem lies in the fact that government focuses on one factor and ignores the others related to it. For example, much emphasis is laid on beefing up security in big cities in wake of terrorism. But nothing serious has been done to seal the unlawful entrance of arms from across the border. Acids and explosive materials used for destruction by atomic bombs are easily available in market at cheap prices. Ministers and other government officials enjoy the facilities of squads of armed body guards while public places like markets, roads, shopping centers, bus stands etc are not adequately protected.To control terrorism, government needs to stop fighting the proxy war on behalf of USA. Secondly, there is a sheer need to curb corruption at all levels. The institutions of NAB and FIA should be made more powerful to curb corruption. Culprits should not be allowed to escape out of country. Rather strict punishments should be imposed on them. Not only they should be strictly dealt with, but the wealth looted by them should be recovered and employed for the welfare of people. Judiciary should be an independent institution. Currently Pakistan has experienced a new era in the history of its judicial set-up. Judiciary is powerful but we have yet to wait and see the results of independence of judiciary in Pakistan. Thirdly, poverty reduction should be top priority of government. Cottage industry and self-business should be promoted. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. It should be strengthened by providing loans to farmers. Free of cost educations should be provided to children in villages. Overall standard of living needs to be improved and inflation should be controlled. Lastly, for economic development, energy crises should be controlled. New dams should be built and new methods of producing electricity should be utilized.Conclusion: As stated in the start of essay, no country is free from socio-economic problems. These problems are present in every country but the winners are those who overcome most if not all of them. Though Pakistan is currently facing a lot of socio-political and socio-economic problems but it doesn’t mean that it is going towards its end. Nations face multifarious problems but together they work for towards the solution. The same is the need of hour. Government as well as every single citizen of Pakistan has to play its own specific role to bring about a positive change. How to cite Socio Economic Problems of Pakistan, Papers

The Joy of Theater Essay Example For Students

The Joy of Theater Essay For the last four years, I have attended the Marin School Of The Arts (MSA) in Novato California. MSA seeks to give students the opportunity to express themselves in many different artistic forms, such as acting, musical theater, visual arts, dance, creative writing and film. MSA seemed like a perfect place to cultivate my love and passion for theater. Unfortunately, it is a half an hour away from my home in Sonoma. So with the tenacity that can only be found in stage mothers, a carpool was arranged by the saintly parents of Sonoma California, whose children had become, at this point, too far into the love of art to ever be pulled back out. We will write a custom essay on The Joy of Theater specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This lovely team of rag tag teens and anxious mothers and fathers made the half an hour treck over 5,600 times (More if you care to calculate the friendly visits, rehearsals, shows and such). I have completed ten shows in my time at MSA. The count currently is four musicals, three cabarets, two spring plays and one bout of technical crew. I loved and hated every single thing I did at my crazy, different little magnet school, and I wouldn’t change a thing. Because I feel that when you are given an opportunity like that so early in life, it can either make you swear off theater forever, or, like in my case, send you into an addiction and need for theater so great, that nothing will ever be able to cure that bug. I did not start off my career in musical theater in high school. It came much earlier, when I was given the chance to play â€Å"Snoopy† in a production of â€Å"You’re A Good Man Charlie Brown. † Everything just snowballed from there. In my 13 years of theater, I have been lucky enough to be involved in 15 theatrical productions. Three of these was served on technical crew, where I learned a new appreciation for everyone in the theater not just the actors or directors, but the people who buy three dollar iced tea from Starbucks because the iced tea we had been using for fake scotch was not to our Gypsy’s liking. Being part of a tech crew really gave me insight as to why I want to be the one onstage, instead of pulling a rope backstage. People say that acting gives them the ability to become someone else for a few hours. While I agree with this, I would like to make a slight alteration in the previous statement. Acting gives me the ability, not only to become someone else, but the ability to really become me. For me, there is no truer expression of self, than baring your guts to an auditorium full of people who you don’t know. They may hate you and wish to see you fall flat on your face. But it is your job to do the best job you can, regardless of what other people think. Unless its your director, then it really matters. I really want to be on Broadway. â€Å"Really want† doesn’t even actually begin to express my feelings of wanting, but thats why Im writing a whole essay. I know that in this business, I will face a lot of rejection. You may even reject me, but thats how I reassure myself that I really do belong in theater. Because no matter how many nos or â€Å"We are looking for someone blondes I will hear, I low there will be someone out there who will say â€Å"yes† to me. I belong here, and I know someone will think I am good enough. The ability for me to be able to say that to myself, over and over again, is imperative. And as long as I can do that and forge ahead, I know I belong in the game. .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .postImageUrl , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:visited , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:active { border:0!important; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:active , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Written play EssayI want to make my living as a performance artist. The knowledge and satisfaction one must receive from being able to purchase necessary items of living with money they earned from doing what they love most in the world must be priceless. Performers are so lucky. If they are employed, they are given the chance to get out in front of people and share the love and warmth that they have. Because unlike toll collectors, and trash men (who are indeed a very big part of our society), performers are allowed to do their lives goal. There is no better feeling in the world for me, than after a show, when someone you have never seen before comes up and is either smiling or crying, and thanks you for doing what you love most. Because unlike the trash men, who take away your garbage and resent you for it (I’m guessing), you are thanked for doing your job and sharing your emotions. It is still shocking to me, even after my comparatively short career! And the really best part? It makes me feel good. Picking one piece of art that has affected me is very difficult. Herein, because you ask me to pick one. The piece of art that has affected me most is a song. Now I don’t know if you have ever heard it, I hope you have for it is musical theater after all. At the end of the musical â€Å"Les Misarables,† after practically everyone in the story has died (sorry, spoilers), there is a very, very quiet beginning of a song. It is the very last â€Å"reprise† or piece of music you hear in the show. It sounds almost exactly like â€Å"Do You Hear The People Sing. † This piece begins so softly and so quietly, it is almost a whisper, sung by the defeated French army of rebels and women and children. It grows from almost nothing, to a rousing march, growing into a full blown musical finale. This particular piece is what I listen to whenever I feel doubtful about theater. Perhaps I didn’t get a part or I have to sing alto instead of my preferred soprano in a group number. I will shove my electric blue ear-buds in and crank the volume so I can hear the beginning whispers of the deceased. As the faint whisper begins to grow, I feel the hair on the back of my neck and my arms stand up. As the chorus breaks into â€Å"Do You Hear The People Sing? † my eyes get the familiar sting that comes right before I start crying. I can feel the freedom re-enter my soul when I hear them sing â€Å"tomorrow comes. † Because the song reminds me, no matter how bad today is, tomorrow will come and you can make it better. When I was doing the last of my three technical crew opportunities, the show was in fact â€Å"Les Mis. † It was a particularly stressful time in my life, due to the fact I was taking two classes over the summer, along with six hours of dance everyday, combined with my technical duties, which took place every night from 5 to 10 (Later if we were doing a show with a tech call of 4:00 and the long show going until 11:30). I would periodically cry a little on my breaks where my actor friends would try to tell me it was okay and I shouldn’t worry, and my Assistant Stage Manager would tell me to come inside because someone needed to move the cheese platter. After three hours of hearing French people die, I would quietly sit backstage in the dark during Val Jean’s death. Everyone had to go on stage for my favorite song in the show, except my very good friend Ryan, who was playing Master Thenarlier. .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .postImageUrl , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:visited , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:active { border:0!important; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:active , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nendel EssayWe would wait until the music had built enough for us to sing along and not be heard from backstage. The combination of doing something I wasn’t supposed to, singing this emotional song, and having a very good friend to do it with, would make me tear up and remember why I loved theater so much. Which is why listening to the song reminds me that in theater there is love, there are so many opportunities, and tomorrow will always come for you to go out and audition. There is always joy in the theater, and sharing it is one of the biggest joys.